Publications:

Disclaimer: The articles provided on this website as pdfs were published by journals and thus copyrighted to them. These links are intended to facilitate the accepted practice that authors are allowed to distribute copies of their articles to interested parties for personal use. No commercial use may be made of the articles nor is mass production of the articles permitted.

2013

• Stephens, N. M., Markus, H. R., & Phillips, T. (in press). Social Class Culture Cycles: How Three Gateway Contexts Shape Selves and Fuel Inequality. Annual Review of Psychology.

• Stephens, N. M., & Townsend, S. S. M. (in press). Rank is not enough: Why we need a sociocultural perspective to understand social class. Psychological Inquiry.

• Stephens, N. M., & Townsend, S. S. M. (in press). How can incentives improve the success of disadvantaged college students? Insights from the Social Sciences. Policy brief for a project sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation at the George Washington University.

• Stephens, N. M., Fryberg, S. A., Markus, H. R., & Hamedani, M. G. (2013). Who explains Hurricane Katrina and the Chilean earthquake as an act of God? The experience of extreme hardship predicts religious meaning-making. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 44, 607-619.

2012

• Stephens, N. M., Markus, H. R., & Fryberg, S. A. (2012). Social class disparities in health and education: Reducing inequality by applying a sociocultural self model of behavior. Psychological Review, 119, 723-744.

• Stephens, N. M., Townsend, S. S. M., Markus, H. R., & Phillips, T. (2012). A cultural mismatch: Independent cultural norms produce greater increases in cortisol and more negative emotions among first-generation college students. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 1389-1393.
  
  
• Stephens, N. M., Fryberg, S. A., Markus, H. R., Johnson, C., & Covarrubias, R. (2012). Unseen disadvantage: How American universities’ focus on independence undermines the academic performance of first-generation college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 1178-1197.
  
  
• Kraus, M., & Stephens, N. M. (2012). A road map for an emerging psychology of social class. Social Psychology and Personality Compass, 6, 642-656.
  
  
• Stephens, N. M., Fryberg, S. A., & Markus, H. R. (2012). It's your choice: How the middle-class model of independence disadvantages working-class Americans. In S. T. Fiske & H. R. Markus (Eds.), Facing social class: How societal rank influences interaction (pp. 87-106), New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

2011

• Stephens, N. M., & Levine, C. S. (2011). Opting out or denying discrimination? How the framework of free choice in American society influences perceptions of gender inequality. Psychological Science, 22, 1231-1236.
  
  
• Savani, K., Stephens, N. M., & Markus, H. R. (2011). The unanticipated interpersonal and societal consequences of choice: Victim-blaming and reduced support for the public good. Psychological Science, 22, 795-802.
  
  
• Stephens, N. M., Fryberg, S. A., & Markus, H. R. (2011). When choice does not equal freedom: A sociocultural analysis of agency in working-class contexts. Social and Personality Psychology Science, 2, 33-41.
  
  
• Fryberg, S. A., Stephens, N. M., Covarrubias, R., Markus, H. R., Carter, E. D., Laiduc, G. A., and Salido, A. J. (2011). How the media frames the immigration debate: The critical role of location and politics. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 0, 1-17.
  

2010

• Sheperd, H., & Stephens, N. M. (2010). Using culture to explain behavior: An integrated cultural approach. Social Psychology Quarterly, 73, 353-354.
  
  
• Fryberg, S. A., & Stephens, N. M. (2010). When the world is colorblind, American Indians are invisible. Psychological Inquiry, 21, 115-119.
  

2009

• Stephens, N. M., Hamedani, M. G., Markus, H. R., Bergsieker, H. B., & Eloul, L. (2009). Why did they "choose" to stay? Perspectives of the Hurricane Katrina observers and survivors. Psychological Science, 20, 878-886.
  

2007

• Stephens, N. M., Markus, H. R., & Townsend, S. S. M. (2007). Choice as an act of meaning: The case of social class. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 814-830.
  

Papers Under Review:

• Stephens, N.M., Hamedani, M. H., & Destin, M. (2013). Navigating the Social Class Divide: A Diversity Education Intervention Improves First-Generation Students’ Academic Performance and All Students’ College Transition. Under review at Psychological Science.
  

• Stephens, N. M., & Cameron, J. (2013). More than material resources and rank: Women in poverty lack social support and trust. Under review at Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology.

• Cheryan, S., Siy, J. O., Jones, V., & Stephens, N. M. (2013). Ethnic deviance and group status: Who is reprimanded for acting like the outgroup?
  
  

Papers in Preparation:

• Apfelbaum, E.P., Stephens, N.M., & Reagans, R. (2013). Beyond one-size-fits-all: A norm-fit model of managing diversity in organizations.

• Destin, M., & Stephens, N. M. Breadth matters: Young students with more lifetime goals are more motivated academically by information about the diverse benefits of higher education.

• Stephens, N. M., & Edens, G. (2013). Is helping a choice or an act of solidarity? Models of helping in American and Mexican cultural contexts.

• Stephens, N. M., Savani, K., & Markus, H. R. (2013). Choice in America leads to increased holistic thinking and decreased attention to the context.
  
  
• Stephens, N. M., & Markus, H. R. (2013). Models of self and the social class divide.