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Angela Lee
Angela Y. Lee

MARKETING; INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS & MARKETS
Mechthild Esser Nemmers Professor of Marketing

Print Overview

Angela Y. Lee joined the marketing faculty at the Kellogg School in 1995 and was named Mechthild Esser Nemmers Professor of Marketing in 2007.

Professor Lee is a consumer psychologist. Her expertise is in consumer learning, emotions and goals. Her research focuses on consumer motivation and affect, cross-cultural consumer psychology, and nonconscious influences of memory on judgment and choice. Her publications appear in both marketing and psychology journals and she is the co-editor of Kellogg on China (Northwestern University Press, 2004). She was the recipient of the 2006 Stanley Reiter Best Paper Award for her research on self-regulation and persuasion, and the 2002 Otto Klineberg Award for the best paper on international and intercultural relations. She currently serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Consumer Research (Associate Editor), Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Consumer Psychology, and the International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising.

At the Kellogg School, she teaches Marketing Research in the MBA program, and has served as the faculty advisor of the Global Initiatives in Management class for China, Japan and South Africa. She also teaches a doctoral seminar in Consumer Behavior.

Professor Lee is a native of Hong Kong where she worked as a fund raising consultant for nonprofit organizations before entering academia. She received her BBA in Marketing and Travel Industry Management from the University of Hawaii, an MPhil in Economics from the University of Hong Kong, and a PhD in Marketing from the University of Toronto.



Areas of Expertise
Advertising
Consumer Behavior
Consumer Decision-Making
International Marketing
Marketing Management
Marketing Research
Nonprofit Marketing
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    See all Kellogg in the Media
Print Vita
Education
Ph.D., 1995, Marketing, University of Toronto
M.Phil., 1990, Economics, University of Hong Kong
B.B.A., 1981, Marketing & Travel Industry Management, University of Hawaii

Academic Positions
Mechthild Esser Nemmers Professor, Marketing , Kellogg School of Management , Northwestern University, 2007-present
Professor , Marketing, Kellogg School of Managament, Northwestern University, 2006-present
Visiting Professor, Marketing,  , Hongkong University of Science and Technology, 2008-2008
PepsiCo Professor of International Marketing , 2006-2007
Associate Professor, Marketing, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, 2001-2006
Visiting Associate Professor of Marketing, Cornell University, 2000-2001
Assistant Professor, Marketing, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, 1995-2001

Grants and Awards
Mechthild Esser Nemmers Professorship , 2007
Invited Speaker, Society of Personality & Social Psychology Attitude Pre-Conference , 2006
PepsiCo Research Chair in International Marketing, 2006
Winner of the Stanley Reiter Award, 2006
Consortium Faculty, AMA Sheth Foundation Doctoral Consortium , 2003, 2004, 2005
Invited Speaker, Midwestern Psychological Association Meeting , 2001, 2005
MSI Young Scholar, 2001
Winner of the Otto Klineberg Award , 2000
Kraft Research Chair, 1997
McManus Research Chair , 1996, 1998
AMA Doctoral Consortium Fellow, 1994

Editorial Positions
Editorial Board, Journal of Consumer Research, 2007-Present
Editorial Board, Journal of Marketing Research, 2003-Present
Associate Editor, Journal of Consumer Research, 2008-2011
Editorial Board, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2002-2010
Editorial Board, International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 2002-2008

 
Print Research
Research Interests
Conscious and nonconscious influences of memory on judgment and choice
Goal, motivation and self regulation
Cross-cultural psychology
Affect, emotion and metacognition


Articles
Lee, Sujin, Angela Y. Lee and Mary Kern. 2011. The Role of Temporal Construal in the Motivation of the Selves. European Journal of Social Psychology. 41: 191-200.
Hong, Jiewen and Angela Y. Lee. 2010. Feeling Mixed but Not Torn: The Moderating Role of Construal Level in Mixed Emotions Appeals. Journal of Consumer Research. 37(3): 456-472.
Lee, Angela Y., Punam A. Keller and Brian Sternthal. 2010. Value From Regulatory Construal Fit: The Persuasive Impact of Fit Between Consumer Goals and Message Concreteness. Journal of Consumer Research. 36(5): 735-747.
Lee, Angela Y.. 2009. Engaging the Consumer: The Opposing Forces of Regulatory Nonfit versus Fit. Journal of Consumer Psychology. 19: 134-136.
Kim, Hakkyun, Akshay Rao and Angela Y. Lee. 2009. It's Time to Vote: Fit Between Construal Level and Temporal Distance on Political Persuation. Journal of Consumer Research. 35(6): 877-889.
Hong, Jiewen and Angela Y. Lee. 2008. Be Fit and Be Strong: Mastering Self-Regulation with Regulatory Fit. Journal of Consumer Research. 34(5): 682-695.
Labroo, Aparna and Angela Y. Lee. 2006. Between Two Brands: A Goal Fluency Account of Brand Evaluation. Journal of Marketing Research. 18: 374-385.
Wang, Jing and Angela Y. Lee. 2006. The Role of Regulatory Focus in Preference Construction. Journal of Marketing Research. 43(1): 28-38.
Aaker, Jennifer L. and Angela Y. Lee. 2006. Understanding Regulatory Fit. Journal of Marketing Research. 43(1): 15-19.
Lee, Angela Y., J. Edward Russo, A. Kruglanski, Stijin M.J. Van Osselaer, Suresh Ramanathan, Margaret C. Campbell, Joel B. Cohen, Jeannette K. Dale, Paul M. Herr, Chris Janiszewski, Stephen J. Read and Nader T. Tavassoli. 2005. Choice Based on Goals. Marketing Letters. 16(4): 335-346.
Lee, Angela Y. and Jennifer L. Aaker. 2004. Bringing the Frame into Focus: The Influence of Regulatory Fit on Processing Fluency and Persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 86(2): 205-218.
Lee, Angela Y. and Aparna Labroo. 2004. Effects of Conceptual and Perceptual Fluency on Affective Judgment. Journal of Marketing Research. 41(2): 151-165.
Lee, Angela Y.. 2004. The Prevalence of Meta-Cognitive Routes to Judgment. Journal of Consumer Psychology. 14(4): 345-355.
Lee, Angela Y.. 2002. Effects of Implicit Memory on Memory-Based versus Stimulus-Based Brand Choice. Journal of Marketing Research. 39(4): 440-454.
Lee, Angela Y.. 2001. The Mere Exposure Effect: An Uncertainty Reduction Explanation Revisited. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 27(10): 1255-1266.
Aaker, Jennifer L. and Angela Y. Lee. 2001. I Seek Pleasures and We Avoid Pains: The Role of Self Regulatory Goals in Information Processing and Persuasion. Journal of Consumer Research. 28(1): 33-49.
Lee, Angela Y., Jennifer L. Aaker and Wendi Gardner. 2000. The Pleasures and Pains of Distinct Self-Construals: The Role of Interdependence in Regulatory Focus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 78(6): 1122-1134.
Lee, Angela Y. and Brian Sternthal. 1999. Effects of Positive Mood on Memory. Journal of Consumer Research. 26(September): 115-127.
Gardner, Wendi, Shira Gabriel and Angela Y. Lee. 1999. 'I' Value Freedom, but 'We' Value Relationships: Self-construal Priming Mirrors Cultural Differences in Judgment. Psychological Science. 10(4): 321-326.
Monroe, Kent and Angela Y. Lee. 1999. Remembering vs. Knowing: Issues in Buyers' Processing of Price Information. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 27(Spring): 201-225.
Sherman, Jeffrey W., Angela Y. Lee, Gayle R. Bessenoff and Leigh A. Frost. 1998. Stereotype Efficiency Reconsidered: Encoding Flexibility under Cognitive Load. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 75(3): 589-606.
Lee, Angela Y.. 1994. The Mere Exposure Effect: Is It A Mere Case of Misattribution?. Advances in Consumer Research. 21: 270-275.
Working Papers
Williams, Tonya and Angela Y. Lee. 2011. Matching the Ask to the Donor: The Role of Self-Construal in Charitable Gifting.
Rucker, Derek DAngela Y. Lee and Pablo Briñol. 2011. Learning More Yet Knowing Less: The Effects of Information Acquisition on Subjective Knowledge and Information Processing.
Harding, Lora, Monika Lisjak and Angela Y. Lee. 2011. The Persuasive Power of Regulatory Nonfit.
Lisjak, Monika, Daniel Molden and Angela Y. Lee. 2011. Primed Interference: The Self-regulatory Cost of an Incongruity between Chronic and Primed Motivational Orientations.
Lisjak, Monika, Angela Y. Lee and Wendi Gardner. 2011. Brands as Extended Self: When a Threat to the Brand Is a Threat to the Self.
Sun, Jin, Tak Keh Hean and Angela Y. Lee. 2011. Choosing Between Services: The Role of Attribute Alignability and Service Type on Judgement.
Spassova, Gerri and Angela Y. Lee. 2011. Looking into the Future: A Fit Between Self-Construal and Temporal Distance.
Koo, Minjung, Aparna Labroo and Angela Y. Lee. 2011. Prevention Orientation and Successful Self-Control Strategy: Focus on the Goal and Ignore the Temptation.
Hong, Jiewen and Angela Y. Lee. 2011. The Effect of Mixed Emotions on Variety Seeking.
Nam, Myungwoo, Jing Wang and Angela Y. Lee. 2011. How Experts Look at Differences: The Moderating Role of Consumer Knowledge on the Processing of Alignable vs. Nonalignable Attributes.
Lee, Angela Y.. 2010. Embodiment and Perspective Taking.
Book Chapters
Lee, Angela Y.. 2010. "Goal Driven Market Research: The Answer to a Shrinking Budget." In Kellogg on Marketing, 2nd Ed, edited by Alice M. Tybout and Bobby Calder, New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc .
Lee, Angela Y.. 2009. "Cross-Cultural Issues in Consumer Behavior." In Frontiers of Social Psychology: Social Psychology of Consumer Behavior, edited by Michaela Wanke, 228-250. New York: Psychology Press.
Lee, Angela Y.. 2009. "Culture through the Lens of Self-Regulatory Orientations." In Understanding Culture: Theory, Research and Application, edited by Robert Wyer, Ying-Yi Hong and CY Chiu, New York: Psychology Press.
Lee, Angela Y. and E. Tory Higgins. 2009. "The Persuasive Power of Regulartory Fit." In Frontiers of Social Psychology: Social Psychology of Consumer Behavior, edited by Michaela Wanke, 319-333. New York: Psychology Press.
Lee, Angela Y., Sharon Shavitt and Timothy Johnson. 2008. "Cross-Cultural Consumer Psychology." In Handbook of Consumer Psychology, edited by C. Haugtvedt, P. Herr, and F. Kardes, 1103-1132. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Lee, Angela Y.. 2008. "Rethinking Message Strategies: The Difference between Thin and Thick Slicing." In Kellogg on Advertising and Media, edited by Bob Calder, 139-158. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Molden, Daniel, Angela Y. Lee and E. Tory Higgins. 2007. "Motivations for Promotion and Prevention." In Handbook of Motivational Science, edited by James Shah, Wendi Gardner, 169-187. New York: Guildford Publications.
Sternthal, Brian and Angela Y. Lee. 2005. "Building Brands through Effective Advertising." In Kellogg on Branding, edited by Alice M Tybout and Tim Calkins, 129-149. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Lee, Angela Y.. 2004. "China Coping with SARS." In Kellogg on China: Strategies for Success, edited by Anuradha Dayal-Gulati and Angela Y. Lee, 227-236. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Lee, Angela Y. and Brian Sternthal. 1998. "Putting Copy-Testers to the Test." In Financial Times Mastering Marketing, London, UK: Financial Times.
Other
Lee, Angela Y. and Brian Sternthal. "Putting copy-testers to the test." Financial Times.
Books
Lee, Angela Y. and Dilip Soman. 2008. Advances in Consumer Research. Duluth, MN: Association of Consumer Research.
Lee, Angela Y. and Anuradha Dayal-Gulati. 2004. Kellogg on China: Strategies for Success. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

 
Print Teaching
Teaching Interests
Marketing research, customer insights, consumer behavior, global initiatives in management
Full-Time / Part-Time MBA
Research Methods In Marketing (MKTG-450-0)

This course counts toward the following majors: Managerial Analytics, Marketing, Marketing Management

The broad objective of this course is to provide a fundamental understanding of marketing research methods employed by well-managed firms. The course focuses on integrating problem formulation, research design, questionnaire construction, sampling, data collection and data analysis to yield the most valuable information. The course also examines the proper use of statistical applications as well as qualitative methods, with an emphasis on the interpretation and use of results.

Social Impact Marketing (MKTG-930-0)
This course is designed to promote the use of social impact marketing in for-profit businesses and nonprofit organizations. Social impact marketing is the application of marketing frameworks and techniques to promote individual and collective well-being. This course is offered in the spirit of taking responsibility for ourselves as well as caring for those around us. As such it includes but goes beyond nonprofit marketing; and the main objective is to leverage utilize individual resources to advance a good cause, such as increase use of public transportation, reduce paper use, place shelter animals in homes, expand bone marrow donor registry, etc. The Social impact marketing course is about researching issues, setting goals, designing and implementing action plans, and assessing progress and success of the social impact marketing plan. Social impact marketing expertise is integral in for-profit businesses, for managers who hold positions in corporate social responsibility, corporate philanthropy, marketing, or community relations. It also helps General Managers can successfully apply social marketing to enhance employee well-being directly through corporate health and financial initiatives and by motivating employee engagement in community programs. The goal is to develop a win-win program for doing good and doing well. Nonprofit and foundation business managers and board members achieve their mission. should, but do not always have the expertise to use social marketing to achieve their mission. It is in our best interest that these programs succeed from the point of view of professional managers who work in non-profit organizations as well as recipients of programs on better nutrition, environment protection, and literacy among others. Finally, social impact marketing knowledge can be used by general and marketing management consultants who offer services to for-profit businesses and non-profit organizations who are engaged in social marketing campaigns. such as advertising agencies, public relation firms, and marketing research firms. As a social marketing entrepreneur, I belong to this group. The course will allow you to develop and apply a set of frameworks to overcome challenges that are unique to social impact marketing such as invisible long-term benefits, negative demand, public scrutiny, and culture conflict. The teaching style of the class is experimental through integrated methods adapted from the psychology and marketing mindsets. This is a project-based class and the key learning will come from your Throughout the course, we will discuss how to re-design our product and service offerings by changing our mind-set from being organization-centered to audience-centered. And, we will address the challenge of successfully partnering with and disseminating social initiatives to individual employees, customers, and community members, foundations, and corporations. working on an actual project, starting with goal setting, and ending with assessing performance – the social impact of the plan and your execution. For the project, we will draw on the frameworks and tools that you have learned in the marketing core and marketing research class to strategize and to set goals. We will discuss how to apply research findings in marketing and psychology to enhance the persuasiveness of your communications. We will also learn how to increase impact by leveraging social media such as facebook, twitter, youtube. I have designed the course The course to help you develop a successful social impact marketing plan and to design and implement the social impact marketing mix. And the course materials are selected to accomplish these objectives. materials were selected to meet these objectives as well as to reflect my social marketing expertise in promoting health and financial well-being. This mini course is divided into four sections: 1) managing corporate social marketing programs, 2) developing a successful social marketing plan, 3) selecting target audiences and managing public scrutiny, 4) designing and implementing the social marketing mix. I have selected the course materials (see below) to accomplish these objectives. The required course packet presents the analytical concepts and techniques for social marketing. The book, cases, and articles provide a context for discussing the effectiveness of social marketing. Open laptops are not allowed in the classroom.

Doctoral
General Seminar For Phd Candidates (MKTG-520-1)
This seminar confronts students with significant problems, issues and theories at the leading edge of the marketing field. Presentations and discussions are designed to stimulate thinking on important areas of research and the development of new theoretical viewpoints.

Consumer Behavior: Information Processing and Decision Making (formerly MKTG-520-1) (MKTG-540-0)
This objectives of this course are twofold. First to introduce topics in consumer behavior, familiarize students with research in psychology and marketing related to consumer behavior, and provide an understanding of how theories and frameworks are developed. Students will focus on understanding current theoretical and methodological approaches to various aspects of consumer behavior, as well as advancing this knowledge by developing testable hypotheses and theoretical perspectives that build on the current knowledge base. Secondly to provide selective coverage of the research carried out in the area of consumer decision making. In addition to analyzing extant research, the course will cover some methodological issues that are essential for students to be successful in the field of consumer research.

Research Philosophies in Marketing and Consumer Behavior (formerly MKTG-520-3) (MKTG-542-0)
This course will enhance students’ ability to understand the philosophical assumptions underlying research methods in marketing and consumer behavior. The first half of the course focuses on consumer behavior from a methodological perspective with the focus being on the broader, more fundamental issues of what should be the goal of consumer research, and what good theory looks like, and how research can be applied. The second half of the course focuses on a particular research tradition in marketing and consumer behavior that will not only to introduce students to an important research tradition in marketing, but also to do so using the analytic frameworks offered during the first half of the course.